Yes, a well-designed ergonomic chair will work provided it offers enough adjustability to a wide range of heights and body shapes. Finding a chair that adapts itself to your unique proportions is key for you, instead of forcing you into a fixed mold.
Ergonomic chairs are made for flexibility in mind. Regular chairs are not. Adjustable seat height and backrest with armrests plus seat depth let the chair's features conform to your body with no regard for your height.
A good ergonomic chair adjusts to fit you, not the other way around

You’ll know the chair suits your height and shape when it allows your feet to rest flat, your knees to bend at a 90-degree angle, and your back to remain supported and not lean forward.
A deeper seat as well as an adjustable backrest shall prevent unsupported upper back or thighs hanging off the edge if you’re tall. If you happen to be shorter, being able to lower the seat height or bring the backrest much closer can help your feet touch the ground. Your spine can also remain aligned through these changes.
Armrest positioning matters too. They should rise until meeting your elbows then not make you shrug or leave your arms hanging down. The chair feels like it hugs your frame comfortably with no pinching or gaps left when adjusted properly.
Check for key features that support different body types

Look for ergonomic chairs that have flexible recline settings in them and wide seat bases plus adjustable lumbar support. These elements make the chair more inclusive plus comfortable for various sizes.
Some chairs, for example, have sliding seat bases so you can fine-tune the seat's extension forward or back. Longer legs especially benefit from this for more thigh support if needed. Dynamic mesh backs or flexible lumbar pads can accommodate different spinal curves in chairs.
The right ergonomic chair will feel tailored to you as well as not one-size-fits-all even from it's not custom-made. If you are trying one out in person, take just a few minutes for adjustments. It’s likely the right fit for your body, if you feel aligned, balanced, as well as supported. After only just a few of the tweaks, you should feel in this way.
Yes, an ergonomic chair can be of use for you, regardless of your size or shape. The chair just needs designing with adjustability and support kept in mind.